This could be particularly useful for people who are at risk of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease – which is the most prevalent case of dementia. In particular, Alzheimer's disease is distinguished by the accumulation of the amyloid beta peptide in the brain.

Previous research revealed that decreased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were associated with Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline in humans. BDNF is the most important neurotrophic factor affecting synaptic function. Impaired synaptic function and synapse loss have also been shown in Alzheimer's disease, and synapse loss has been reported to correspond with the severity of memory impairment.

Thus, the researchers investigated how changes in BDNF signaling impact memory functions and brain pathology.