As Javier Milei rose to power in December of last year, Argentina suffered from an annual inflation rate of over 211 percent, only behind Venezuela and Lebanon. Having risen consistently for over two decades, a combination of perpetually unbalanced budgets and investors' distrust made money creation (and thus inflation) almost unavoidable.

In that context, Javier Milei's first promise in his inaugural address was to avoid hyperinflation. In order to do that, his highest priority was to balance the budget so as to stop monetizing the deficit. And indeed, after just one month, the government announced in January that Argentina achieved its first financial surplus in 16 years. In successive months, the budget has been kept balanced.

Quick action seems to be causing quick effects. Indeed, inflation has plunged from 25 percent in December to an expected 4 percent in July. This is happening in a context of price readjustments, with prices like rent going down (after the government repealed rent control laws) and energy and transport prices going up (as the government is cutting subsidies). Even the IMF has admitted that inflation is falling faster than expected. In fact, inflation is coming down so fast that banks have started offering mortgages for the first time in seven years. This signals that the market expects inflation to stay down.

Milei told Argentines that the process of defeating inflation would hurt—and it has. The downside of the government's economic plan is that the country has entered a recession which is likely to last until at least the end of the year. Amid some layoffs, the country's industrial output is decreasing. The spending cuts that allowed the country to balance the budget have resulted in less income for provinces and specific groups like retirees.

In a way, it seems like Argentina is following the final part of the trajectory of inflationary economies described by Milton Friedman in the 1970s:

Inflation is very closely analogous to the drinking of alcohol. When you go on a binge, the good effects come first, the bad effects come the next morning, when you have a hangover. It's the same with inflation. When a country starts off on an inflationary binge it looks as if everyone is doing well. You're pouring out money, demand for your products is going up, the effect is increased output and employment.