A former C.I.A. officer with experience in Turkey wrote a provocative essay this summer about the "deep state." The phrase refers to a parallel "secret government" embedded in the military and intelligence services, whose purpose is to provide a check on electoral democracy.

But Turkey wasn't the target of the essay, written by Philip Giraldi. He was aiming, as his headline declared, at "Deep State America."

Mr. Giraldi, executive director of the Council for the National Interest, a foreign-policy advocacy group in Washington, called the American deep state of today an "unelected, unappointed, and unaccountable presence within the system that actually manages what is taking place behind the scenes."

In contrast to Turkey, where Mr. Giraldi said a covert "deep state" had taken root in the security realm, the American deep state of his description consists of visible people like the Clintons and the former C.I.A. director David H. Petraeus, concentrated around New York and Washington, who live at the fertile nexus of government and corporate power: Capitol Hill aides and legislators who cash in as lobbyists; former politicians who earn millions speaking to banks, or landing sinecures with them; technocrats who ricochet between Goldman Sachs and the Treasury Department; billionaire kingmakers dangling political donations; thinkers whose tanks are financed by corporations with a financial stake in their research.