.... The APA in 2002 famously revised its ethics code to permit a psychologist to follow "governing legal authority" even if it clashed with the APA's own code of ethics. It was, essentially, the Nuremberg Defense of "just following orders." (In 2010 the APA definitively disavowed it.) As Risen writes, the 2002 change allowed psychologists to be involved in CIA and military interrogations, and "helped the lawyers in the Justice Department to argue that the enhanced interrogation program was legal because health professionals were monitoring the interrogations to make sure they stayed within the limits established by the Bush administration."...