Sanctions Fail Again and Again

The Wall Street Journal reports China's AI Engineers Are Secretly Accessing Banned Nvidia Chips

Chinese artificial-intelligence developers have found a way to use the most advanced American chips without bringing them to China.

One entrepreneur helping Chinese companies overcome the hurdles is Derek Aw, a former bitcoin miner. He persuaded investors in Dubai and the U.S. to fund the purchase of AI servers housing Nvidia's powerful H100 chips.

In June, Aw's company loaded more than 300 servers with the chips into a data center in Brisbane, Australia. Three weeks later, the servers began processing AI algorithms for a company in Beijing.

"There is demand. There is profit. Naturally someone will provide the supply," Aw said.

Renting far away computing power is nothing new, and many global companies shuffle data around the world using U.S. companies' services such as Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure and Amazon Web Services. However, those companies, like banks, have "Know Your Customer" policies that may make it difficult for some Chinese customers to obtain the most advanced computing power.

The buyers and sellers of computing power and the middlemen connecting them aren't breaking any laws, lawyers familiar with U.S. sanctions say. Washington has targeted exports of advanced chips, equipment and technology, but cloud companies say the export rules don't restrict Chinese companies or their foreign affiliates from accessing U.S. cloud services using Nvidia chips.

Buyers and sellers of computing power use a "smart contract" in which the terms are set in a publicly accessible digital record book. The parties to the contract are identified only by a series of letters and numbers and the buyer pays with cryptocurrency.

The process extends the anonymity of cryptocurrency to the contract itself, with both using the digital record-keeping technology known as blockchain. Aw said even he might not know the real identity of the buyer. As a further mask, he and others said Chinese AI companies often make transactions through subsidiaries in Singapore or elsewhere.