The state of Oklahoma has 39 federally-recognized Indian tribes, so this is a very real issue for the Sooner State.

Oklahoma officials deal with a patchwork of competing jurisdictions – the state of Oklahoma, the counties, the municipalities, the Indian tribes, and the Feds.

Casinos, for example; Indians have a monopoly on casinos, and OK Governor Kevin Stitt has been negotiating to get the tribes to pass along a higher percentage of their casino earnings to the state coffers.

On July 9th, 2020, the United States Supreme Court, in McGirt v. Oklahoma (and a companion case), ruled that, at least for purposes of criminal law, the land formerly comprising the territory of the Creek (also called Muskogee) Indians is still reservation land.

The ruling may even be used to make the same argument for four other tribes: the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole. Along with the Creek, these five tribes were called the "Five Civilized Tribes" and their land covered most of eastern Oklahoma.