The former Central Intelligence Agency employee and National Security Agency contractor exposed top-secret surveillance programs, including hacking of private internet systems, in 2013. He fled to Russia, where he still lives. In his memoir "Permanent Record," which was released in September, Snowden reveals how he helped build the surveillance system and why he exposed it. The government sued to stop him from profiting from the book, although it didn't try to prevent its publication. By failing to submit the book -- "Permanent Record" -- to the CIA and NSA for review of classified content, Snowden violated a series of employment contracts that he signed, U.S. District Judge Liam O'Grady said in a ruling issued Tuesday.